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Summary

EVR was designed to help individuals with severe mental illness find and keep a job. This evaluation directly compared EVR to a separate intervention, IPS, to understand which of the two might be more effective. The distinctive feature of EVR was a stepped approach delivered by rehabilitation agencies in which individuals participated in paid work adjustment training in a sheltered workshop before pursuing competitive employment.

EVR provided a vocational counselor who helped place participants with rehabilitation agencies. The vocational counselor regularly monitored participants to ensure a good fit between the participant and rehabilitation agency. All rehabilitation agencies involved with EVR had the goal of gradually preparing individuals for competitive employment through a stepped approach of prevocational experiences that primarily consisted of paid work adjustment training in a sheltered workshop. This study of EVR was implemented by several rehabilitation agencies recommended by the District of Columbia Rehabilitation Services Administration.

The effectiveness of EVR when compared to IPS indicates the effect of being referred to a set of services that includes those unique to EVR, or how much better the offer of EVR met participants’ needs than the offer of IPS. EVR provided a stepped approach of vocational services through rehabilitation agencies, whereas IPS gave individualized vocational support. The main services for IPS consisted of assigned employment specialists outside of rehabilitation agencies to help participants obtain jobs quickly through a rapid job search and, following employment, provide as-needed individualized support (such as counseling or transportation).

25092R - Enhanced Vocational
Populations and employment barriers: Unemployed, Mental illness

Effectiveness rating and effect by outcome domain

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Outcome domain Term Effectiveness rating Effect in 2018 dollars and percentages Effect in standard deviations Sample size
Increase earnings Short-term Little evidence to assess support favorable $42 per year 0.002 150
Long-term No evidence to assess support
Very long-term No evidence to assess support
Increase employment Short-term No evidence to assess support
Long-term No evidence to assess support
Very long-term No evidence to assess support
Decrease benefit receipt Short-term No evidence to assess support
Long-term No evidence to assess support
Very long-term No evidence to assess support
Increase education and training All measurement periods No evidence to assess support
* This intervention was assessed as supported for this domain, meaning it achieved one or more statistically significant, favorable effects. However, the intervention has an average effect size that is unfavorable because the average includes all effects in this domain - both statistically significant and favorable effects and statistically insignificant but unfavorable effects.

Effectiveness rating key:

  • Well-supported Well-supported   
  • Supported  Supported   
  • Not supported  Not supported   
  • Mixed support  Mixed support   
  • Insufficient evidence  Insufficient evidence   
  • No evidence  No evidence
Effectiveness rating terms?

Studies of this intervention

Study quality rating Study counts per rating
High High 1
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Implementation details

Characteristics of research participants
Black or African American
83%
Unknown or not reported
17%

The race and ethnicity categories may sum to more than 100 percent if the authors reported race and ethnicity separately; in these cases, we report the category White, rather than White, not Hispanic.

State(s) where implemented

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Canada

The Pathways Clearinghouse refers to interventions by the names used in study reports or manuscripts. Some intervention names may use language that is not consistent with our style guide, preferences, or the terminology we use to describe populations.

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