An organized or structured form of learning on the job, typically in a skilled trade, but typically not subsidized. Apprenticeships may be an intervention's primary service.

Meeting one-on-one with an employment specialist or counselor who helps assess needs and refers clients to other available services. Case management can take place before or during employment and could focus on employment or on other topics, such as mental health or a substance use disorder. Case management may be an intervention's primary service.

Free or subsidized child care and early education services or money or vouchers to cover the cost of child care and early education services. The Pathways Clearinghouse uses this services tag for interventions that provide intensive assistance in this domain that is not in the context of a broader employment and training program. Child care may be an intervention's primary service.

Services to support educational attainment, such as GED support, adult basic education, or post-secondary education. Education may be an intervention's primary service.

Intensive, collaborative assistance with identifying and addressing employment barriers and goals. Employment coaching may be an intervention's primary service.

Supplementary services provided when a client already has a job. These could include ongoing case management to address barriers or to assess progress toward career goals. Employment retention services may be an intervention's primary service.

Education that help individuals make informed decisions about their financial resources, such as providing information on budgeting or loans. Financial education may be an intervention's primary service.

Bonuses that clients receive for engaging in a specific activity or achieving a certain goal. Financial incentives may be an intervention's primary service.

Services to support the mental or physical health of clients. Health services may be an intervention's primary service.

Intensive services to help participants find, secure, and maintain safe housing, including rent-free, subsidized, or public housing; intensive housing search assistance; and money or vouchers to cover housing costs. The Pathways Clearinghouse uses this services tag for interventions that provide intensive assistance in this domain that is not in the context of a broader employment and training program. Housing may be an intervention's primary service.

The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model is a framework for providing employment services to those facing barriers to work. IPS was originally designed for individuals with serious mental illness served by community mental health centers but has gained interest as a strategy to promote employment for a range of disadvantaged populations seeking jobs. Features of the model include a focus on rapid job search, competitive employment, and client job preferences; small caseloads; benefits counseling; and coordination between employment services staff members and mental health care providers. IPS may be an intervention's primary service.

Assistance getting placed in a job. Typically, a client visits a career center and meets with a counselor who works with employers to identify or create a specific opening for the client. Job development or job placement may be an intervention's primary service.

Assistance identifying potential jobs and preparing resumes and cover letters. Job search assistance may be an intervention's primary service.

Free or low-cost services to help participants address legal barriers to employment, for example, criminal record expungement. The Pathways Clearinghouse uses this services tag for interventions that provide intensive assistance in this domain that is not in the context of a broader employment and training program. Legal assistance may be an intervention's primary service.

Training that is tied to a particular occupation, such as truck driving or welding, or to a sector such as health care or manufacturing. Occupational or sectoral training may be an intervention's primary service.

An agreement between the workforce system and an employer in which the workforce system pays all or part of the wages for a client working for an approved employer in an approved occupation for a specified period. At the end of that time, the employer can hire the worker but without the wage subsidy. On-the-job training may be an intervention's primary service.

Services to address clients’ physical health concerns. Physical health services may be an intervention’s primary service.

Reductions in payment for failing to comply with mandated services. Sanctions may be an intervention's primary service.

Training in so-called soft skills, such as punctuality, manners, professional dress, interactions with colleagues, or conflict management. Sometimes also called life skills training. Soft skills training may be an intervention's primary service.

Employment that is partially or fully paid for by an external funder (not the employer). Subsidized employment may be an intervention's primary service.

Services to treat clients for substance use disorder or mental health diagnoses. Substance use disorder treatment and mental health services may be an intervention's primary service.

Money or vouchers to fund child care, transportation (such as gas cards or tokens), or other supports to help clients search for work or engage in a training program. Supportive services may be an intervention's primary service.

Any training program. Training may be an intervention's primary service.

Jobs that are meant to integrate those who have been out of the workforce (for example, people who were formerly incarcerated) into the community. They can be paid or unpaid. Transitional jobs may be an intervention's primary service.

Work that is voluntary or unpaid, such as an unpaid internship. Unpaid work experience may be an intervention's primary service.

Work that is paid or unpaid, such as internships or community service jobs. Work experience may be an intervention's primary service.

Any paid or unpaid work or learning experiences that occur in a work setting. Work experience and work-based learning may be an intervention's primary service.

Services designed to help job seekers find a job that are not related to education or training. These can include initial assessments to identify employment barriers, formalized assessments to identify skills and interests, help designing a resume and cover letter, job search assistance, or help developing an individual employment plan. Work readiness activities may be an intervention's primary service.